rumi ghazal 163

To engage in dhikr is to practice consciousness of the Divine Presence and love, or "to seek a state of godwariness". Everything perishes except His Face, [37], Historian Jonathan A.C. Brown notes that during the lifetime of Muhammad, some companions were more inclined than others to "intensive devotion, pious abstemiousness and pondering the divine mysteries" more than Islam required, such as Abu Dharr al-Ghifari. Balkhī and Rūmī are his nisbas, meaning, respectively, "from Balkh" and "from Rûm" ('Roman,' what European history now calls Byzantine, Anatolia[30]). [105] Music, especially that of the ney, plays an important part in the Mevlevi. Ahmed Tijani (1735–1815), in Arabic سيدي أحمد التجاني (Sidi Ahmed Tijani), is the founder of the Tijaniyya Sufi order. As respects to hunting through the treasure-trove of the Qur’ān, one can find in it [the Mathnawī] all [the Qur’ān's] ancient philosophical wisdom; it [the Mathnawī] is all entirely eloquent philosophy. Franklin Lewis: "On the question of Rumi's multilingualism (pp. Byzantinische Zeitschrift 4: 401–411. Hadi Sabzavari, one of Iran's most important 19th-century philosophers, makes the following connection between the Masnavi and Islam, in the introduction to his philosophical commentary on the book: It is a commentary on the versified exegesis [of the Qur’ān] and its occult mystery, since all of it [all of the Mathnawī] is, as you will see, an elucidation of the clear verses [of the Qur’ān], a clarification of prophetic utterances, a glimmer of the light of the luminous Qur’ān, and burning embers irradiating their rays from its shining lamp. More about the Ghazal Form Traditionally invoking melancholy, love, longing, and metaphysical questions, ghazals are often sung by Iranian, Indian, and Pakistani musicians. The form has roots in seventh-century Arabia, and gained prominence in the thirteenth- and fourteenth-century thanks to such Persian poets as Rumi and Hafiz. The term مولوی Mawlawī/Mowlavi (Persian) and Mevlevi (Turkish), also of Arabic origin, meaning "my master", is also frequently used for him. Scholars from twenty-nine countries attended the events, and 450 articles were presented at the conference. Executive Board; 175th; UNESCO Medal in honour of Mawlana Jalal-ud-Din Balkhi-Rumi; 2006", Dar al-Masnavi Website, accessed December 2009, "Rumi Network by Shahram Shiva – The World's Most Popular Website on Rumi", ISCA—The Islamic Supreme Council of America, Kloosterman Genealogy, Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi, "Haber, Haberler, Güncel Haberler, Ekonomi, Dünya, Gündem Haberleri, Son Dakika, – Zaman Gazetesi", "Podcast Episode: Living Dialogues: Coleman Barks: The Soul of Rumi (Thought-Leaders in Transforming Ourselves and Our Global Community with Duncan Campbell, Visionary Conversationalist, Living Dialogues.com", tehrantimes.com, 300 dervishes whirl for Rumi in Turkey, Ma-Aarif-E-Mathnavi A commentary of the Mathnavi of Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi, The Mesnevi of Mevlâna Jelālu'd-dīn er-Rūmī. [33], Rumi was born to native Persian-speaking parents,[18][19][34] originally from the Balkh, which at the time was part of the Khwarezmian Empire, but is now in present-day Afghanistan. "(Franklin Lewis, "Rumi: Past and Present, East and West: The Life, Teachings and Poetry of Jalal al-Din Rumi," One World Publication Limited, 2008, p. 315). Followers of his path continued to foster a Jewish-Sufi form of pietism for at least a century, and he is rightly considered the founder of this pietistic school, which was centered in Egypt. [12][13] Rumi's influence transcends national borders and ethnic divisions: Iranians, Tajiks, Turks, Greeks, Pashtuns, other Central Asian Muslims, and the Muslims of the Indian subcontinent have greatly appreciated his spiritual legacy for the past seven centuries. He saw and found his 'Muse' in various human and natural aspects of existence. [108], As Edward G. Browne noted, the three most prominent mystical Persian poets Rumi, Sanai and Attar were all Sunni Muslims and their poetry abounds with praise for the first two caliphs Abu Bakr and Umar ibn al-Khattāb. He is referred to by Sufis as Sayyid-ut Taifa—i.e., the leader of the group. Rumi encouraged Sama, listening to music and turning or doing the sacred dance. He himself considered his writings to have been divinely inspired. [39] According to one perspective, it is directly from the Qur'an, constantly recited, meditated, and experienced, that Sufism proceeded, in its origin and its development. It derives its name from Abdul-Qadir Gilani (1077–1166), a native of the Iranian province of Gīlān. [192][193] News organisations such as the BBC, Economist and Boston Globe have also seen Sufism as a means to deal with violent Muslim extremists. Ertugrul Gunay, of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, stated, "Three hundred dervishes are scheduled to take part in this ritual, making it the largest performance of sema in history. Rozina Ali, "The Erasure of Islam from the Poetry of Rumi,", Masatoshi Kisaichi, "The Burhami order and Islamic resurgence in modern Egypt. They further believe that the teacher should attempt inerrantly to follow the Divine Law. 1,173 Followers, 293 Following, 11 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from abdou now online (@abdoualittlebit) This doctrine states that there will always exist upon the earth a "Qutb" (Pole or Axis of the Universe)—a man who is the perfect channel of grace from God to man and in a state of wilayah (sanctity, being under the protection of Allah). [188] According to Philip Jenkins, a Professor at Baylor University, "the Sufis are much more than tactical allies for the West: they are, potentially, the greatest hope for pluralism and democracy within Muslim nations." [103] The Mawlawīyah was a well-established Sufi order in the Ottoman Empire, and many of the members of the order served in various official positions of the Caliphate. [50], Over the years, Sufi orders have influenced and been adopted by various Shi'i movements, especially Isma'ilism, which led to the Safaviyya order's conversion to Shia Islam from Sunni Islam and the spread of Twelverism throughout Iran. A dargah (Persian: درگاه dargâh or درگه dargah, also in Punjabi and Urdu) is a shrine built over the grave of a revered religious figure, often a Sufi saint or dervish. In the first writing of this kind, we see Kitab al-Hidayah ila Fara'iḍ al-Ḳulub, Duties of the Heart, of Bahya ibn Paquda. During this period, Rumi also travelled to Damascus and is said to have spent four years there. 47:19). [187], The Islamic Institute in Mannheim, Germany, which works towards the integration of Europe and Muslims, sees Sufism as particularly suited for interreligious dialogue and intercultural harmonisation in democratic and pluralist societies; it has described Sufism as a symbol of tolerance and humanism—nondogmatic, flexible and non-violent. He was imprisoned for 11 years in a Baghdad prison, before being tortured and publicly dismembered on March 26, 922. Agente de contacto. [13] Ibn Arabi regards that the first entity that was brought into existence is the reality or essence of Muhammad (al-ḥaqīqa al-Muhammadiyya). His death was mourned by the diverse community of Konya, with local Christians and Jews joining the crowd that converged to bid farewell as his body was carried through the city. There is not in the horizons, beyond the horizons or below the horizons, anyone more elegant, more noble, more knowing, more just, more fearsome, or more compassionate, than the subject of this tale. [103] The music accompanying the samāʿ consists of settings of poems from the Maṭnawī and Dīwān-e Kabīr, or of Sultan Walad's poems. Dedes, D. 1993. [84] Notable as well are the lives of Amadou Bamba and El Hadj Umar Tall in West Africa, and Sheikh Mansur and Imam Shamil in the Caucasus. Emission Group—Five Thousand Turkish Lira—. Al-Ghazali narrates in Al-Munqidh min al-dalal: The vicissitudes of life, family affairs and financial constraints engulfed my life and deprived me of the congenial solitude. [17] Sufis played an important role in the formation of Muslim societies through their missionary and educational activities. However, the author of the Chovot HaLevavot did not go so far as to approve of the asceticism of the Sufis, although he showed a marked predilection for their ethical principles. I will become that which cannot come into the imagination, [53], Existing in both Sunni and Shia Islam, Sufism is not a distinct sect, as is sometimes erroneously assumed, but a method of approaching or a way of understanding the religion, which strives to take the regular practice of the religion to the "supererogatory level" through simultaneously "fulfilling ... [the obligatory] religious duties"[6] and finding a "way and a means of striking a root through the 'narrow gate' in the depth of the soul out into the domain of the pure arid unimprisonable Spirit which itself opens out on to the Divinity. The prose works are divided into The Discourses, The Letters, and the Seven Sermons. [69], Historically, Sufism became “an incredibly important part of Islam” and "one of the most widespread and omnipresent aspects of Muslim life" in Islamic civilization from the early medieval period onwards,[59][70] when it began to permeate nearly all major aspects of Sunni Islamic life in regions stretching from India and Iraq to the Balkans and Senegal. The Poet Seers » Rumi » Ghazal 119. ", Musical instruments (except the Daf) have traditionally been considered as prohibited by the four orthodox Sunni schools,[128][134][135][136][137] and the more orthodox Sufi tariqas also continued to prohibit their use. I have never become less from dying. [172] Rabi'a al-Adawiyya is known for her teachings and emphasis on the centrality of the love of God to a holy life. The vow of obedience to the Shaykh or Qutb which is taken by Sufis is considered incompatible with devotion to the Imam". The Kubrawiya order is a Sufi order ("tariqa") named after its 13th-century founder Najmuddin Kubra. Bosworth, "Turkmen Expansion towards the west" in UNESCO History of Humanity, Volume IV, titled "From the Seventh to the Sixteenth Century", UNESCO Publishing / Routledge, p. 391: "While the Arabic language retained its primacy in such spheres as law, theology and science, the culture of the Seljuk court and secular literature within the sultanate became largely Persianized; this is seen in the early adoption of Persian epic names by the Seljuk rulers (Qubād, Kay Khusraw and so on) and in the use of Persian as a literary language (Turkmen must have been essentially a vehicle for everyday speech at this time). [181][citation needed], The Shadhili is a Sufi order founded by Abu-l-Hassan ash-Shadhili. He was given lessons about hadith by Abu Bakr ibn Muzaffar. [42][43] According to the late medieval mystic, the Persian poet Jami,[44] Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah (died c. 716) was the first person to be called a "Sufi". He himself went out searching for Shams and journeyed again to Damascus. In 1225, Rumi married Gowhar Khatun in Karaman. He was given lessons about Tafsir by Abu Muhammad Ja'far, a commentator. The mother of Rumi was Mu'mina Khātūn. [54], The rise of Islamic civilization coincides strongly with the spread of Sufi philosophy in Islam. Rumi's poetry forms the basis of much classical Iranian and Afghan music. C.E. [19][20][21], The Arabic word tasawwuf (lit. (Khawaja Abdul Hamid Irfani, "The Sayings of Rumi and Iqbal", Bazm-e-Rumi, 1976. [23], The term Sufism was originally introduced into European languages in the 18th century by Orientalist scholars, who viewed it mainly as an intellectual doctrine and literary tradition at variance with what they saw as sterile monotheism of Islam. This was adopted by the Islamic world's political and temporal leaderships at the Organisation of the Islamic Conference summit at Mecca in December 2005, and by six other international Islamic scholarly assemblies including the International Islamic Fiqh Academy of Jeddah, in July 2006. [79], Around the turn of the 20th century, Sufi rituals and doctrines also came under sustained criticism from modernist Islamic reformers, liberal nationalists, and, some decades later, socialist movements in the Muslim world. From Nishapur, Walad and his entourage set out for Baghdad, meeting many of the scholars and Sufis of the city. The Jewish Sufis maintained their own brotherhood, guided by a religious leader like a Sufi sheikh. [21][19] In recent times, it has been increasingly used by scholars like Mark Sedgwick in another sense, to describe various forms of Sufi-influenced spirituality in the West, in particular the deconfessionalized spiritual movements which emphasize universal elements of the Sufi tradition and de-emphasize its Islamic context. hithbonen efo be-masoreth mufla'a zo, citing the Talmudic explanation of Jeremiah 13:27 in Chagigah 5b; in Rabbi Yaakov Wincelberg's translation, "The Way of Serving God" (Feldheim), p. 429 and above, p. 427. 47:19). Sufi mystic. This usage of indirect language and the existence of interpretations by people who had no training in Islam or Sufism led to doubts being cast over the validity of Sufism as a part of Islam. This probably stems from willful confusion over his paternal great grandmother, who was the daughter of Abu Bakr of Sarakhs, a noted jurist (d. 1090). Truly, to Him is our return. Chopra, Iran Society, Kolkata (2007). بار دیگر از ملک پران شوم The Sufi poet Saadi Shirazi stated, "He who chooses a path contrary to that of the prophet shall never reach the destination. Turkey and Persia together have been a center for many Sufi lineages and orders. And I must (also) jump from the river of (the state of) the angel, These interact in various ways, producing the spiritual types of the tyrant (dominated by nafs), the person of faith and moderation (dominated by the spiritual heart), and the person lost in love for God (dominated by the ruh). Recordings of Rumi poems have made it to the USA's Billboard's Top 20 list. Portail des communes de France : nos coups de coeur sur les routes de France. Excerpt: "known by the sobriquet Mawlānā (Mevlâna), Persian poet and founder of the Mawlawiyya order of dervishes"): "The assertions that his family tree goes back to Abū Bakr, and that his mother was a daughter of the Ḵhwārizmshāh ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Muḥammad (Aflākī, i, 8–9) do not hold on closer examination (B. Furūzānfarr, Mawlānā Ḏjalāl Dīn, Tehrān 1315, 7; ʿAlīnaḳī Sharīʿatmadārī, Naḳd-i matn-i mathnawī, in Yaghmā, xii (1338), 164; Aḥmad Aflākī, Ariflerin menkibeleri, trans. The Naqshbandi order is one of the major Sufi orders of Islam, previously known as Siddiqiyya as the order stems from Mohammad through Abū Bakr as-Șiddīq. Ποίηματα του Μαυλανά Ρουμή [Poems by Rumi]. Emblem of Qadiriyya Sufi Order. p. 293, Franklin Lewis, Rumi: Past and Present, East and West, Oneworld Publications, 2008 (revised edition). All these orders were founded by a major Islamic scholar, and some of the largest and most widespread included the Suhrawardiyya (after Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi [d. 1168), Qadiriyya (after Abdul-Qadir Gilani [d. 1166]), the Rifa'iyya (after Ahmed al-Rifa'i [d. 1182]), the Chishtiyya (after Moinuddin Chishti [d. 1236]), the Shadiliyya (after Abul Hasan ash-Shadhili [d. 1258]), the Hamadaniyyah (after Sayyid Ali Hamadani [d. 1384], the Naqshbandiyya (after Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari [d. This approach entails strict adherence to the way of Muhammad, in the understanding that this wont, or sunnah, proposes a complete devotional spirituality adequate to those without access to a master of the Sufi way. Like other mystic and Sufi poets of Persian literature, Rumi's poetry speaks of love which infuses the world. The most complete genealogy offered for the family stretches back to six or seven generations to famous Hanafi jurists.[46][47][48]. Mewlana had been spontaneously composing ghazals (Persian poems), and these had been collected in the Divan-i Kabir or Diwan Shams Tabrizi. ", (Ritter, H.; Bausani, A. Urdu word Ghazal refers to cry of a doe dear when hunted. [48], Sufism had a long history already before the subsequent institutionalization of Sufi teachings into devotional orders (tarîqât) in the early Middle Ages. Lovers don't finally meet somewhere. The British government, especially following the 7 July 2005 London bombings, has favoured Sufi groups in its battle against Muslim extremist currents. Prerequisites to practice include rigorous adherence to Islamic norms (ritual prayer in its five prescribed times each day, the fast of Ramadan, and so forth). [187] Hossein Nasr states that the preceding theories are false according to the point of view of Sufism. In 1127, Gilani returned to Baghdad and began to preach to the public. He is the sun of creation, the moon of the celestial spheres, the all-seeing eye...The seven heavens and the eight gardens of paradise were created for him; he is both the eye and the light in the light of our eyes. It is rumoured that Shams was murdered with the connivance of Rumi's son, 'Ala' ud-Din; if so, Shams indeed gave his head for the privilege of mystical friendship.[52]. [197][198], There is evidence that Sufism did influence the development of some schools of Jewish philosophy and ethics. The practice of muraqaba can be likened to the practices of meditation attested in many faith communities. وز نما مُردم به حیوان برزدم For these and other reasons, the relationship between traditional Islamic scholars and Sufism is complex, and a range of scholarly opinion on Sufism in Islam has been the norm. Bayazid Bastami is a very well recognized and influential Sufi personality. [110], Sufi psychology has influenced many areas of thinking both within and outside of Islam, drawing primarily upon three concepts. (Jamiʿ karamat al-awliyaʾ)". * - Main goods are marked with red color . Gasherbrum II surveyed as K4, is the 13th highest mountain in the world at 8,035 metres (26,362 ft) above sea level. (The way in which this purification of the heart is achieved is outlined in certain books, but must be prescribed in detail by a Sufi master.) 16.03.2020Hinweis zum CoronavirusSehr geehrte Mieterin, sehr geehrter Mieter,Ihre Gesundheit liegt uns am Herzen! [78], Opposition to Sufi teachers and orders from more literalist and legalist strains of Islam existed in various forms throughout Islamic history. "[12] Sufis regard Muhammad as al-Insān al-Kāmil, the primary perfect man who exemplifies the morality of God,[13] and see him as their leader and prime spiritual guide. For other uses, see, "Sufi" redirects here. [citation needed], In the eleventh-century, Sufism, which had previously been a less "codified" trend in Islamic piety, began to be "ordered and crystallized" into orders which have continued until the present day. In most other Muslim-majority countries, attacks on Sufis and especially their shrines have come from adherents of puritanical and revivalist Islamic movements (Salafis and Wahhabis), who believe that practices such as visitation to and veneration of the tombs of Sufi saints, celebration of the birthdays of Sufi saints, and dhikr ("remembrance" of God) ceremonies are bid‘ah (impure "innovation") and shirk ("polytheistic").

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